瘋小貓的華麗冒險

real conditioning 一般假設

時態	條件子句（if）	主要子句	範例
未來	present note 1	future	If it rains tomorrow, we won't go to the zoo.
現在	present	present	If you need help, just call me.
過去	一般假設沒有過去式 note 2

unreal conditioning 與事實相反的假設

時態	條件子句（if）	主要子句	範例
未來	與事實相反的假設沒有未來式 note 3
現在	past (Vp. OR were)	would/could/might + V.	If I were you, I wouldn't tell a lie. If I could fly, I wouldn't need a car.
過去	past perfect (had + Vpp.)	would/could/might + have + Vpp.	If I had gone to the party, I would have met Mary.

note

1. 條件子句（if 子句）沒有未來式，要用現在式代替未來式。
   （If it rains tomorrow 不能說成 If it will rain tomorrow）
   （以 When, While, Before, After, ... 等開頭的「時間子句」也一樣沒有未來式，要用現在式代替未來）
   
2. 「過去」的事情若有「if」一律是假設法語氣 -- 過去就過去了，沒有什麼如果。要嘛就是事實要嘛就是沒發生。若說「如果昨天如何如何」必定是「其實昨天並沒有如何如何」，所以一律是假設法語氣。
   
3. 「未來」的事情若有「if」一律是一般假設 -- 大概是因為未來的事情，什麼都可能發生吧...
   
4. 一般假設的 if 子句裡有時會出現「should」這個字，表示「萬一」，表示很不可能發生（說這句話的人認為它根本不會發生）。例如：If you shouold meet a mountain lion in the campus, please keep your wits about you.
   
5. 想像的事情也要用假設法語氣：My sister dictates everything as if she were the Queen. ---> 實際上並不是女王，所以用假設法語氣。
   

=============== 語態 Modals ==========================

Could I...?
May I...?
Can I...?

Could you (please)...?
Would you (please)...?
Will you (please)...?
Can you (please)...?

Would you mind + Ving ... ?
Would you mind if I + Vp. ....?

以上都是禮貌的「請問」說法。注意最下面的兩句，「Would you mind + Ving..」是說「請你去做...事好嗎」，而「Would you mind if I + Vp.」是說「我去做...事好嗎？」

特別注意「Would you mind if I..」之後的動詞必須是過去式。例如：Would you mind if I opened the window?

學習英文這麼多年，我們己經習慣英語的 Yes/No 邏輯。聽見「I think you don't like him.」的時候會自動點頭說「Yes, I like him.」或者搖頭說「No. He is a creep.」反正「肯定」就「Yes」，「否定」就「No」，和「你說得對不對」沒關係。

但回答此類「Would you mind」問題有點不同。因為若有人問「Would you mind opening the window?」雖然你心裡的OS是「好的，我來開窗子」，卻不能回答「Yes」，因為那會變成「Yes, I would mind.」也就是「不願意開窗」！

正確的回答方式是「No, I'll open it. ^{note 6}」、「No problem」、「Not at all」、「Of course not」等等。（同學提問：回答「sure」可以嗎？Peggy 解釋：sure 的意義等同 yes，儘管聽得出來你是願意幫忙，可還是有點奇怪。）

那如果你真的不想開窗呢？最好也不要回答「Yes」，因為那樣有點沒禮貌（粗魯）。你可以回答「I'd really rather not」、「I'm sorry, but...」

以下是隨堂練習（班上同學輪流造句問隔壁同學）：

Could you give me some paper?
No problem.

Could you please repeat the sentence?
Why not? (...repeat the sentence...)

Would you mind borrowing me the dictionary?
No. You're welcome to take it.

Would you mind if I smoked here?
I'd really rather you didn't. <----- 注意這裡也得用過去式 didn't 才對噢！

Would you mind if I sat here?
Yes. This is my seat!

Would you mind if I went shopping with your husband?
Of course I would mind! XD

下課。

note 6. "Would you mind opening the window?" "No, I will open it." <----- 非常奇怪的答句對吧？國中老師一再強調英文一定要說「Yes, I will...」或「No, I won't...」，絕對不可以「No, I will」，但是這邊偏偏就是這樣沒錯！ XD